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Mehdi akbari; Fariborz Abbasi; Abolfazl Nasseri; Afshin Gomrokchi; mostafa goodarzi; Amir Eslami; masoud Farzamnia; r alimohammadi; Nader Kouhi Chellehkaran; Reza Bahramloo; Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi; seyed abolghassem Haghayeghi moghaddam; Ardalan Zolfagharan; Jamal Ahmadaali; Mohamad Abasi; Hamid Riahi; Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavanimoghaddam
Abstract
In this study, volume of irrigation water, water productivity, and yield of alfalfa were measured in 300 farms in Zanjan, Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Hamedan, East Azerbaijan, Semnan, Khorasan-Razavi, Isfahan, West Azerbaijan, Central, Qazvin and Kerman provinces under farmers management and surface ...
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In this study, volume of irrigation water, water productivity, and yield of alfalfa were measured in 300 farms in Zanjan, Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Hamedan, East Azerbaijan, Semnan, Khorasan-Razavi, Isfahan, West Azerbaijan, Central, Qazvin and Kerman provinces under farmers management and surface and sprinkler irrigation, various water sources, different water salinities, soil conditions, and varieties, during the growing season of 2018-2019. The results showed that the difference between average volumes of water applied by farmers, yield, and water productivity, in the studied sites were significant at 1% probability level. The average amount of applied water by farmers was 8502, 8901, 9226, 9459, 11481, 12796, 14311, 14821, 15198, 15916, 18351 and 23920 m3/ha, respectively, and the average was 13284 m3/ha. The dry yield of alfalfa varied from 2500 to 30000 kg/ha with an average of 13841 kg/ha. Irrigation water productivity varied from 0.2 to 4.5 and its average was 1.28 kg/m3. The average irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity for alfalfa was 1.19 kg/m3. The results showed that the average applied water and alfalfa yield in surface and sprinkler irrigation methods were 15076 and 10653 m3/ha, respectively, (p<1%). These results showed that in sprinkler irrigation method, applied water was 30% less and irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity was 41% higher. Accordingly, in order to reduce the volume of irrigation water and improve alfalfa water productivity, it is recommended to use sprinkler method in suitable climatic conditions where irrigation water is of good quality and the technical criteria of design, implementation, operation, and economic considerations are met.
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Mehdi Akbari; Fariborz Abbasi; Abolazal Nasseri; Mohammad Ali Shahrokhnia; Mohammad Khorramian; Masoud Farzamnia; majid keramati targhi; Azarakhs Azizi; Mohamad Abasi; Eshag Zare; Hasan Khosravi; Esmaeil Moghbeli; Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavanimoghaddam; Nader Abbasi; Javad Baghani
Abstract
This project was implemented with the aim of measuring water applied to onion under farmers’ management in 190 selected sites at the production hubs of onion in Iran including Azarbaijan Sharghi, Isfahan, Khusestan, Zanjan, Kerman, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Khorasan Shomali, and Hormozgan provinces. ...
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This project was implemented with the aim of measuring water applied to onion under farmers’ management in 190 selected sites at the production hubs of onion in Iran including Azarbaijan Sharghi, Isfahan, Khusestan, Zanjan, Kerman, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Khorasan Shomali, and Hormozgan provinces. According to the results, differences between the average volumes of irrigation water in those provinces, different irrigation methods, various sources and salinities of irrigation water and soil, and different onion varieties were significant (p<1%), during the growing season of 2020-2021. The average amount of applied water by farmers in those provinces was 9502, 13273, 9740, 16588, 9618, 13880, 11998, 8438 and 7057 m3/ha, respectively, with the weighted average of 10823 m3/ha. The onion yield in selected sites, varied from 20000 to 90000 kg/ha, with an average of 49980 kg/ha. The measured values were compared with the net irrigation water requirement estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method and with the National Water Document values. The results showed that the differences between average volumes of applied water by farmers, yield and irrigation water productivity, and irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity in the selected sites were significant at 5% probability level. Irrigation water productivity varied from 3.13 to 6.30 kg/m3 and its average was 4.93 kg/m3. The average irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity for onion in Iran was 4.50 kg/m3. The average net irrigation water requirement in the study areas by the Penman-Monteith method and the National Water Document were 8834 and 6972 m3/ha, respectively. These results showed that the average applied water in surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods were 11453, 12740 and 10317 m3/ha, respectively, with significant (p<5%) difference. These results showed that in drip irrigation method, applied water was 10% lesser while irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity was 35% higher. Transplanting seedling compared to direct seeding caused 14.7% reduction in applied water and 16.7% increase in water productivity. According to the results of this study, drip irrigation and transplanting method for onion fields is recommended.
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Farzin Parchami-Araghi; Fariborz Abbasi; Keramat Akhavan
Abstract
In this study, the seasonal applied water and physical and economic water productivity of soybean were evaluated through monitoring 37 farmers’ fields (with furrow/border irrigation systems) in Moghan Plain, Ardabil Province, Iran, during the 2020-21 growing season. The net soybean water requirement ...
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In this study, the seasonal applied water and physical and economic water productivity of soybean were evaluated through monitoring 37 farmers’ fields (with furrow/border irrigation systems) in Moghan Plain, Ardabil Province, Iran, during the 2020-21 growing season. The net soybean water requirement during that growing season and its 10-year mean value ranged from 431-691 mm and 442-671 mm with a mean of 542 and 543 mm, respectively. The mean seasonal total applied water (irrigation + effective precipitation) and the grain yield were 6554 m3 ha-1 and 2.90 ton ha-1, ranging from 5005-10009 m3 ha-1 and 2.05-4.12 ton ha-1, respectively. The mean seasonal total applied water for spring soybean (7906 m3 ha-1) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than its corresponding value for summer soybean (6390 m3 ha-1). Total water productivity (WPI+Pe) and economic water productivity (WP$) ranged from 0.18 to 0.30 kg m-3 and 15.21 ´ 103 to 62.40 ´ 103 Rials m-3 with a mean of 0.24 kg m-3 and 33.19 ´ 103 Rials m-3, respectively. In most of the studied farms (70% of total cases), the grain yield was higher than the minimum expected threshold for irrigated soybean (2.5 ton ha-1). The results indicated that reasonable levels of grain yield and water productivity indices can be achieved by applying five and three irrigations for spring and summer soybean, respectively. The mean water application efficiency over soybean growth stages in the studied fields ranged between 50-82%.
Ali Pahlevani; Hamed Ebrahimian; Fariborz Abbasi
Abstract
Surface irrigation systems have been widely used in in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, but inappropriate design and management has led to high water losses and reduced water productivity. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of plastic mulch placements in furrow irrigation ...
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Surface irrigation systems have been widely used in in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, but inappropriate design and management has led to high water losses and reduced water productivity. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of plastic mulch placements in furrow irrigation on soil water distribution and water productivity under fodder corn production. Field experiments were carried out in Karaj in 2018. Four different treatments were considered in terms of plastic mulch placements including mulch on the ridge (R), mulch on the furrow bed (F), mulch on the ridges and the furrow bed (FR), and a treatment without mulch or control treatment (C). In order to measure water content, soil samples were taken one day before and three days after each specific irrigation event with 5 days intervals from four points (at 0-25 cm and 25-50 cm under the ridges and furrows) for all treatments. The mean values of volumetric water content during the growing season for the FR, F, R and C treatments were 24.8, 23.8, 18.0 and 17.1 percent, respectively. The results indicated that plastic mulch had substantial impact on retaining the soil moisture by reducing evaporation from the soil surface and the treatments with plastic mulch on the bed of the furrow (FR, F) had the highest soil moisture in comparison to the other treatments. Water productivity for dry matter of the FR, F, R and C treatments was 4.5, 4.4, 3.6, and 3.0 kg/m3, and for fresh matter of the FR, F, R and C treatments was 7.6, 7.4, 5.7, and 4.7 kg/m3, respectively. Based on the results, using plastic mulch on the furrow bed is recommended in order to reduce water loss and increase water productivity in furrow irrigation. Considering the effect of plastic mulch in maintaining soil water content, it is also recommended to utilize this method with the deficit irrigation method. Economic aspects should be taken into consideration in the future research on this topic.
Reza Delbaz; Hamed Ebrahimian; Fariborz Abbasi; Arezoo Nazi Ghameshlou
Abstract
The explosive growth of science and the dissemination of various results have confused researchers in various fields. Simple surveys and reviews of results collected in a specific area seem necessary. Meta-analysis as a structured method and using statistical methods aggregate the results of studies ...
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The explosive growth of science and the dissemination of various results have confused researchers in various fields. Simple surveys and reviews of results collected in a specific area seem necessary. Meta-analysis as a structured method and using statistical methods aggregate the results of studies on a subject. In this study, in order to assess the surface and drip fertigation based on crop yield and water and fertilizer productivity, a meta-analysis approach was used. For this purpose, studies of eight databases were recruited, and, after reviewing them, 21 studies had the conditions to enter the meta-analysis. Combined results showed that both surface and drip fertigation methods significantly increased the indicators of crop yield and water and fertilizer productivity. Measuring the effect size of the results for crop yield in surface and drip fertigation methods compared to surface irrigation with traditional fertilization method was equal to 1.32 and 1.25, respectively. The effect size of water productivity for surface and drip fertigation compared to surface irrigation with traditional fertilization methods was 1.24 and 1.74. These values were 2.12 and 1.43, respectively, in terms of fertilizer productivity. Therefore, both surface and drip fertigation methods increase crop yield and water and fertilizer productivity. The results of this study are derived from the quantitative data of preliminary studies, to achieve higher accuracy, it is suggested that further studies be examined by meta-analysis.
Nader Naderi; f a
Abstract
Qanat is one of the most surprising structures that is used for extraction of underground water in arid and semi-arid regions. There are 607 qanats in Semnan province, providing a total discharge of 93.5 million m3 of water per year. In this research, existing conditions and irrigation in agricultural ...
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Qanat is one of the most surprising structures that is used for extraction of underground water in arid and semi-arid regions. There are 607 qanats in Semnan province, providing a total discharge of 93.5 million m3 of water per year. In this research, existing conditions and irrigation in agricultural fields of 15 qanats of Semnan province were studied and some executive strategies were recommended to improve qanats’ performance. , quantity and quality changes of qanat water, application efficiency and water productivity downstream the studied qanats were evaluated. Results showed that insufficient credit, tunnel and wells collapsing due to lack of necessary construction and resistant covering, entrance of flood into qanats, numerous owners and rural migration were the most important reasons of discharge reduction and qanats destruction. Variations of EC and pH in qanats water were relatively low for a long period of time. Average of application efficiency in cultivated lands downstream the studied qanats was about 51.6%. Whereas it was 45.5% downstream the studied wells in the same regions. Average water productivity for various crops was 0.63 kg/m3. Establishment of strong groups to better partnership of owners in operation and maintenance of qanats, regular dredging, tunnel staining, well covering, tunnel tubing and fixing valve in qanat outlet, construction of qanat water reservoir and establishment of proportion between crops water requirement and amount of irrigation water in downstream lands of qanats are the most important practical strategies for improving qanats conditions.